Background & Aim: One of the basic assumptions in simple linear regression models is the statistical independence of observations. Sometimes this assumption is not true for study subject and consequently the use of general regression models may not be appropriate. In this case, one of the leading methods is the use of Multilevel models. The present study utilizes multivariate logistic regression model using a Multilevel model to exhibit the chance of having elbow, wrist and knee disorders over the past year based on elbow, wrist and disorders during the past week. Methods & Materials: This study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out from April 2015 to May 2016 in Mobarakeh Steel Company, Isfahan. The study population includes 300 male employees of Mobarakeh Steel Company, with a mean age of 41. 40± 8. 17 years and an average working experience of 16. 0± 7. 66 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24) and MLwiN software. Results: Based on this study, results obtained from single variable and multivariable regression were different. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be suggested that multivariable regression cause a better and more accurate deduction compared to single variable method.

In practical applications of inverters, unbalanced conditions may be occurred. For instance, semiconductor switches of a converter may not be exactly the same or switching circuit may be unbalanced. This unbalance leads to additional harmonics in the output of converter. The additional harmonics usually are not considered in the design of circuit, so cause many problems. For precise investigation of these harmonics, a new model of inverter based on switching functions is presented. With this model, analytical equations of harmonics in unbalanced switching are calculated. These analytical equations can be used for designing process such as investigation of optimal cases or elimination of undesired harmonics. The accuracy of the analytical calculations is verified by simulation results. As well, an experimental prototype is constructed to verify analytical results.

Iraq is country that exemplifies ethnic-linguistic and religious violence in the first decade of the 21st century. Continuation and intensification of violence has foiled the efforts of the Iraqi opposition, the US, and other foreign powers for promotion of democracy in this country. This paper tries to analyze this issue using a Multilevel approach as well as a causative – historical explanatory research method which mostly relies on political sociology.The most important reasons or hypotheses offered to explain spread of violence and failure of democratization in post-Saddam Iraq include: 1. Existing crises of identity, integration and deep-rooted legitimacy resulting from imposed nation building and the oligarchic structure that has dominated Iraq from 1920s onward; 2. Undemocratic and non-civil basis of political parties as well as political and social groupings, and domination of violent sectarian, ethnic-linguistic, and religious beliefs and cultures; 3.Inability of the country’s weak government to exercise good governance which is characterized by establishment of security, employment, and provision of various services; and 4. Continued presence and violent treatment of the Iraqi people by military forces of the United States and its allies and disclosure of their real and secret goals in this country.

organizational science is moving toward the development of a paradigm that can bridge the micro-macro gap in theory and research. In this research, Public service motivation as a multi level construct is studied, using multi level approaches and by the means of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) which is one of the multi level analysis techniques. Random Sampling method was employed in a standard questionnaire to gather information from administration staff of38 organization in Tehran Municipality and824 questionnaires were analyzed. Total output of statistical analysis indicates surface and multi level relations of variables of research in three levels of individuals, working groups and organization. The achieved results show that although leadership is a determining factor to empower public service motivation, but working groups have more effective role in this regard, in such a manner that public service motivation are being impressed by the quality of relation between members of group. The important point that is presumed from this tri-level analysis is mentionable modifying effect of organizational cliement on the relations between individual and group factors.

Objective: The aim of this study was a Multilevel analysis of the factors affecting the professional development of faculty members. Materials and Methods: The current research is an applied one in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey type. Its population consists of 650 faculty members of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 1398 and the study sample was selected by proportional assignment method consisting of 289 people. The instruments used in this study consist of three researcher-made questionnaires whose validity has been evaluated by structural validity and their reliability has been evaluated by Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability. For analyzing the collected data descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, skewness, and elongation) and inferential statistics (Multilevel analysis) were used. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of data analysis and the implementation of statistical tests of Multilevel analysis by using HLM software to determine the impact of organizational, managerial, process, individual, and social factors that have been extracted by using theoretical foundations and framework show that per unit change in organizational factors of the second level (faculty), professional development of faculty members change 0.52 units, managerial factors change 0.01 units, process factors change 0.06 units, individual factors change 0.22 units and social factors change 0.08 units. Also, with per unit of change in management factors, the professional development of faculty members changes 0.06 units; with each change in the process factors of professional development of faculty members, it changes 0.15; with per unit of change in individual factors of professional development of faculty members, it changes 0.13 units and finally with per unit of change in social factors of professional development of faculty members, it changes 0.15 units. According to the obtained results, it seems that all the mentioned factors have a significant impact on the professional development of the faculty members; the organizational factors have the most, and managerial factors have the least impact on the professional development of the faculty members.

Background: During the last three decades, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Iran has fallen considerably; from 6.5 per woman in 1983 to 1.89 in 2010. This paper analyzes the extent to which economic determinants at the micro and macro levels are associated with the number of children in Iranian households.Methods: Household data from the 2010 Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) is linked to provincial data from the 2010 Iran Multiple-Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS), the National Census of Population and Housing conducted in 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2011, and the 1985-2010 Iran statistical year books. Fertility is measured as the number of children in each household. A random intercept Multilevel Poisson regression function is specified based on a collective model of intra-household bargaining power to investigate potential determinants of the number of children in Iranian households.Results: Ceteris paribus (other things being equal), probability of having more children drops significantly as either real per capita educational expenditure or real total expenditure of each household increase. Both the low- and the high-income households show probabilities of having more children compared to the middle-income households. Living in provinces with either higher average amount of value added of manufacturing establishments or lower average rate of house rent is associated to higher probability of having larger number of children. Higher levels of gender gap indices, resulting in household’s wife’s limited power over household decision-making, positively affect the probability of having more children.Conclusion: Economic determinants at the micro and macro levels, distribution of intra-household bargaining power between spouses and demographic covariates determined fertility behavior of Iranian households.